also known as: oil stain, wood stain
A colorant of solid particles suspended in a binder. Particles lodge in pores — works well on open-grained woods like oak; sits unevenly on tight-grained woods like maple.
Pigment stain pops the grain in oak; less good on maple.
A finish colorant that dissolves at the molecular level into wood fibers. Penetrates evenly regardless of grain density, giving transparent color even on tight-grained woods.
A thick, jelly-like stain that does not penetrate deeply. Wipes on and off cleanly, making it a reliable choice for blotch-prone woods like pine, cherry, and birch.
Uneven stain absorption caused by varying grain density within a board. Common in cherry, pine, birch, alder, and poplar. Prevented with pre-conditioner, dye, or gel stain.